See sam in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "sam"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "sōm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*samъ<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 37 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone, by oneself, without company"
],
"id": "en-sam-zlw-opl-pron-s2QzQ5qU",
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 37 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 14 7 1 1 1 19 10 16 8 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to \"no other than\" or \"the very\", as in \"I myself\")"
],
"id": "en-sam-zlw-opl-pron-AXk~-mg3",
"links": [
[
"myself",
"myself"
],
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"determiner",
"determiner#English"
],
[
"no other than",
"no other than#English"
],
[
"the",
"the#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 37 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-sam-zlw-opl-pron-xvbE2kAR"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saːm/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɒm/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "siam"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "sam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*sěmo<id:here>",
"id": "here",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Indo-European *ḱís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *śis\nProto-Slavic *sь\nProto-Slavic *-mo\nProto-Slavic *sěmo\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Indo-European *ḱís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *śis\nProto-Slavic *sь\nProto-Slavic *-mo\nProto-Slavic *sěmo\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "zlw-opl-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 15 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"here; hither"
],
"id": "en-sam-zlw-opl-adv-EWIc4jtt",
"links": [
[
"here",
"here"
],
[
"hither",
"hither"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sam/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adverbs",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish pronouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "sam"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "sōm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*samъ<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"alone, by oneself, without company"
],
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to \"no other than\" or \"the very\", as in \"I myself\")"
],
"links": [
[
"myself",
"myself"
],
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"determiner",
"determiner#English"
],
[
"no other than",
"no other than#English"
],
[
"the",
"the#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saːm/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɒm/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adverbs",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "siam"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "sam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*sěmo<id:here>",
"id": "here",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Indo-European *ḱís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *śis\nProto-Slavic *sь\nProto-Slavic *-mo\nProto-Slavic *sěmo\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Indo-European *ḱís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *śis\nProto-Slavic *sь\nProto-Slavic *-mo\nProto-Slavic *sěmo\nOld Polish sam\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "zlw-opl-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"here; hither"
],
"links": [
[
"here",
"here"
],
[
"hither",
"hither"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sam/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sam meaning in Old Polish (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.